Everything about St Leger totally explained
» For the horse race, see St. Leger Stakes. For the saint, see Leodegar.
The
St. Leger (pronounced
saint ledger or
sellinger) family is an old
Anglo-
Irish family with
Norman and German roots going back over a thousand years, and whose name has appeared more than a few times in history.
The surname St. Leger is recorded in several forms The St. can be dropped altogether. "St." is an abbreviation of
Saint, and the whole name is an anglicized version of "de Sancto Leodegario". Branches of the family have dropped the Saint part of the name, some partly for religious reasons during the
reformation as the name is perceived as strongly
Catholic.
This name can be described as French, but is originally of Germanic origins. The name ultimately derives from the pre 7th century
Old German personal name
Leodegar composed of the elements
liutr (tribe), and
gari (spear). St. Leger, a 7th century martyr and
bishop of Autun, contributed to the popularity of the name in France, whilst in Germany the name was connected with a different saint,
Ludger, an 8th century
bishop of Münster.
The name was introduced into England by the
Normans after 1066, and is first recorded (without surname) in the 1192
Pipe Rolls of Hampshire. The surname was introduced into Ireland in the 13th century, where it achieved considerable status. Early examples of the surname recording include Sir
Anthony de Saint Leger, 1540,
Knight of the Order of the Garter, thrice
Viceroy of Ireland, who forced Ireland into submission under the reigns of
Henry VIII,
Edward VI and
Mary Tudor. A plaque dedicated to Sir Anthony Saint Leger can be found in
Saint George Chapel at
Windsor Castle.
William Ledger and Elizabeth May were married at St. Margarets, Westminster, London, on April 25th 1595. The first recorded spelling of the family name is possibly that of Adam Leger, which was dated 1279, in the
Hundred Rolls of
Cambridgeshire, during the reign of
Edward I of England.
The English and Irish family can trace it origins back to Robertus de Villapari vel. de Sancto Leodegario (also known as
Sir Robert de Saint Leger), a Norman knight who arrived as part of the
Norman conquest of
1066. His son,
Ralph De St. Leger fought at the Battle of Hastings. Sir Robert had
stigmata.
Several generations of St. Legers fought in the
Crusades. Lord
Jean St. Leger (1160-1216) 'lived mainly on his French lands in Normandy whilst his brother Wizo cared for the lands at Fairlight in Sussex. As a result of his feudal duties, he accompanied the French King Philip August on his conquest of Normandy, placed thus in a bad position, in reprisal the English King confiscated his English lands and arrested him on reconquering Normandy. Jean was held prisoner at Corfe Castle in Dorset for many years. The Barons revolt allowed the St. Leger family to offer ransom/release aided by the English Master Templar Roger St. Leger on 30 Aug 1216. Lord of Fairlight.'
The Christian name Jean runs in the French St. Leger family. Another, Sir Jean De St. Leger, accompanied
Robert, Duke of Normandy on the
First Crusade 1096. Another St. Leger rode with
Philip Augustus in Palestine in 1191. A map of Jerusalem 1099-1147 during the times of the Crusades, shows a "Leger's Pool" just outside
St. Stephen's Gate.
Geoffrey De St. Leger fought with
Richard I of England in Palestine from 1186 to 1201 or 1202. He was present at the
siege of Acre in 1187.
Ralph St. Leger, Lord of Ulcombe also too part in the siege of Acre in 1187.. His tomb still exists in Ulcombe Church. He returned to England around 1201. As his son carried the same name there are confusions but a
Ralph St. Leger was a signatory to
Magna Carta in 1215.
Another Jean St. Leger was a
Benedictine and Abbot of the
Abbey of St. Wandrille, France, during the 14th century. Bishop
Thomas St. Leger 1240-1320 was the Archdeacon of
Kells around 1275 and is said to have raised money for the Crusades.
Sir Thomas Saint Leger was a
Knight of the Order of the Bath and Ambassador to France. He along with
Louis XI and others signed the
treaty of Pecquigny, ending the
Hundred Years War. He married
Anne Plantagenet, Duchess of Exeter. Upon
Edward IV of England's death in 1483, St. Leger was beheaded by
Richard III of England. He and Anne, who had died giving birth to their only child also named Anne, are buried in The Roos Chapel, St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. Their daughter married
Sir George Manners, of the family of the
Duke of Rutland. Their tomb (Sir George Manners) can be found in the Queen's private chapel in St. George's Chapel, Windsor.
Another St. Leger of historical importance was Gen. Anthony St. Leger. He was born in 1731 probably in Kildare, Ireland. He was one of a group of noblemen and gentlemen who in 1778 gathered for a private dinner party in an upper room of the Red Lion Inn which stands in the market square in Doncaster. When they departed, history had been made. A horse race which was to set the pattern for classic racing throughout the world had been christened the St. Leger. The race, a sweepstake for three-year-olds, had been born two years earlier in 1776, at the suggestion of Lt. Col. (later Major-General) Anthony St. Leger and ran for the first time over a two-mile course on Cantley Common in Doncaster. The classic race, The St. Leger has been run at Doncaster ever since.
And another important branch of the St. Leger family is that of Sir Anthony St. Leger of Ulcombe in co. Kent. Sir Anthony was Lord Deputy in Ireland under Henry VIII and his descendants became the Lords Doneraile of Doneraile Court in co. Cork in Ireland. The male line became extinct and the title is now in abeyance.
St Legers in history
St Legers of notable historical interest include:
Further Information
Get more info on 'St Leger'.
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